Jaraguá in Brazilian Folklore: An Icon of Reisado and Popular Manifestations

Exploring its origins, symbolism and transformations, Jaraguá stands out in Brazilian folklore as a fascinating figure, especially present in Reisado and regional celebrations.

Jaraguá is an enigmatic and striking figure in Brazilian folklore, with a recorded presence in several cultural manifestations in the country. Its unique appearance and lively performances make it an entity of great popular appeal, especially in the context of traditional festivals.

The Jaraguá's appearance varies according to the region, but generally includes a horse's head made of wood or a real skull, with articulated jaws that produce sounds when they strike. These movements are controlled by a cord or spring, giving the character dynamism. The head is often decorated with red paint, simulating blood, and the eyes are made of pieces of mirror, intensifying its frightening appearance. The body is covered in a patterned and colorful fabric, such as chintz, and in some regions it is adorned with dried moss and ribbons.

It is often associated with Reisado and Bumba-meu-boi in regions of the Northeast, but it also appears during Carnival, as in the city of Anchieta, Espírito Santo. In the Northeast, Jaraguá is also known as “Onça” in São Luís and “Babau” in parts of Pernambuco. In Amazonas, it appears under the name “Juarauá”.

The origins of Jaraguá are the result of a patchwork of memories, oral traditions and cultural adaptations. In some regions, it is associated with the catechization promoted by the Jesuits during the colonial period. It is said that the religious used mythological figures such as Jaraguá to illustrate moral lessons, teach practical skills and discourage rebellion.

During its celebrations, the Jaraguá interacts intensely with spectators, advancing on them, chattering its teeth and simulating biting, while performing a rhythmic dance. However, despite its popularity, the Jaraguá faces challenges related to the sustainability of the tradition. Making the costumes, for example, is a laborious process that requires specific materials, which are often difficult to find. In most cases, the festival is promoted by volunteers, and there is not always institutional support to do so.

For many, Jaraguá represents the continuity of local traditions amid social and economic changes. Furthermore, Jaraguá is also an example of how popular culture is able to resist the cultural homogenization imposed by processes of industrialization and globalization.